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Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) - Monaco (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2001) z Monaco (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2001)Monaco (2001)
 Arctic OceanMonaco
Administrative divisions - none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Age structure - 0-14 years:
15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375)

15-64 years:
62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083)

65 years and over:
22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - none
Airports - linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service
Area total:
14.056 million sq km

note:
includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total:
1.95 sq km

land:
1.95 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Birth rate - 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$518 million

expenditures:
$531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)
Capital - Monaco
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Coastline 45,389 km 4.1 km
Constitution - 17 December 1962
Country name - conventional long form:
Principality of Monaco

conventional short form:
Monaco

local long form:
Principaute de Monaco

local short form:
Monaco
Currency - French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Death rate - 13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
Diplomatic representation in the US - Monaco does not have an embassy in the US

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough.
Electricity - consumption - NA kWh
Electricity - imports - NA kWh

note:
electricity supplied by France (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Fram Basin -4,665 m

highest point:
sea level 0 m		 lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mont Agel 140 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack NA
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups - French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958)

head of government:
Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Exports - $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
GDP - purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 43 44 N, 7 24 E
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
Heliports - 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille)
Highways - total:
50 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Independence - 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Infant mortality rate - 5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Labor force - 30,540 (January 1994)
Land boundaries - total:
4.4 km

border countries:
France 4.4 km
Land use - arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (urban area)
Languages - French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Legal system - based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
78.98 years

male:
75.04 years

female:
83.12 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
NA

total population:
99%

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references Arctic Region Europe
Maritime claims - territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
National holiday - National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
Nationality - noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)

adjective:
Monegasque or Monacan
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May NA
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) none
Net migration rate - 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population - 31,842 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.46% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Monaco
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
Radios - 34,000 (1997)
Railways - total:
1.7 km

standard gauge:
1.7 km 1.435-m gauge
Religions - Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.69 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
modern automatic telephone system

domestic:
NA

international:
no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Telephones - main lines in use - 31,027 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 5 (1998)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) hilly, rugged, rocky
Total fertility rate - 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 3.1% (1998)
Waterways - none
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